Phrase

Definition
abdomen The part of the body between the chest and pelvis.
abortion 1. Induced abortion is a procedure done to end pregnancy. 2. Spontaneous abortion is a naturally occurring abortion (also called miscarriage). 3. Therapeutic abortion is an induced abortion required to save the life or health of the mother.
abrasion A wound caused by scraping the skin. A “skinned knee” is a common example.
abscess A swollen, inflamed area where pus gathers.
absorption To take in substances through the skin or mucous membranes.
abstinence To hold back or restrain. For example, to refrain from the use of drugs or alcohol, or from having sexual intercourse.
acclimation The process of getting used to a new climate or altitude.
Achilles' tendon The strong tendon at the back of the ankle that attaches the calf muscle to the heel.
acidosis An abnormal condition in the body in which excessive acid lowers the pH of the blood and body tissues.
acne A skin disorder usually found in adolescents and young adults.
acoustic Having to do with sound and hearing.
acromegaly A condition that occurs when the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone. In adults, this can cause overgrowth of bones that occurs in smaller bones, such as those in the jaw, hands and feet. In children or teenagers, this can cause giantism.
ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone. Produced by the pituitary gland, which stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete hormones.
actinic keratoses Scaly, pink, gray or tan patches or bumps on the face or scalp, or on the back of the hands. Occur mostly on people who have light skin that has been damaged by the sun.
acupuncture An ancient Chinese method to relieve pain or treat disease by inserting needles into various parts of the body.
acute 1. Of short course. 2. Severe, but of a short duration. Not chronic.
addiction Strong dependence or habitual use of a substance or practice, despite the negative consequences of its use.
Addison's disease An ailment characterized by underfunctioning of the adrenal glands. Characterized by anemia, weakness, low blood pressure and brownish discoloration of the skin.
adenitis Swelling of a gland.
adenoids Glandular tissue in the back of the throat that may swell, especially during childhood, obstruct breathing and speaking, and lead to ear infections.
adenoma A noncancerous tumor of glandular tissue.
adenovirus One of the viruses that cause the common cold.
ADH Antidiuretic hormone. One of the hormones produced by the pituitary gland. A shortage of this hormone causes increased loss of body fluids through the kidneys.
adhesion The sticking of one surface to another. This can occur when scar tissue causes organs or loops of intestine to stick together. Occasionally, these adhesions may produce an intestinal obstruction or other malfunction by twisting or distorting the organ.
adipose fatty cells Special cells in which fat is stored when a person's caloric intake is greater than that required by one's metabolism.
adrenal glands Located on top of the kidneys, these glands produce hormones helpful in regulating the body's metabolism.
adrenaline Epinephrine. One of several hormones produced by the adrenal glands.
aerobic Requiring the use of oxygen. Exercise that conditions the heart and lungs by increasing the efficiency of oxygen intake by the body.
afterbirth The placenta, which is attached to the fetus by the umbilical cord and must be delivered after the baby.
AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A disease of the immune system caused by the HIV virus.
airway The passage by which air enters and exits the lungs.
albinism The absence of all normal body pigmentation at birth, a condition that can occur in all races.
albino A person with albinism.
albumin A water-soluble protein found in milk, egg, muscle, blood and many vegetable tissues and fluids.
aldosteronism A condition resulting when the adrenal glands produce too much of the hormone aldosterone, which regulates fluids and salt in the body.
alimentary Having to do with food or nutrition. The alimentary tract is the digestive tract.
allergen A substance capable of producing an allergic reaction.
allergy An exaggerated immune response to substances in the environment.
alopecia Hair loss, especially of the head.
alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency Congenital lack of an enzyme that leads to cirrhosis of the liver and obstructive lung disease.
altitude sickness A potentially fatal illness caused by being at altitudes high enough to reduce the amount of oxygen available to the body.
alveoli The sacs in the lungs at the ends of the smallest airways where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide in the blood.
amblyopia Impaired vision without an apparent cause.
ambulatory Able to walk. Not confined to bed.
amenorrhea Absence of menstrual periods.
amnesia Partial or total loss of memory, usually as the result of psychological trauma or stress, or physical damage to the brain from injury, disease, or alcohol or other chronic drug abuse.
amnion The membrane enclosing a developing fetus; it's filled with a protective liquid called amniotic fluid.
amputation The surgical removal of a limb or other appendage because of damage by trauma or as a treatment for a variety of potentially life-threatening ailments.
anaerobic exercise Brief, intense exercise that leads to an oxygen debt in a certain area of tissue. Weight lifting is an example.
anaphylaxis The most severe form of allergy, in which the person's heart and lungs are unable to keep working, and death occurs unless prompt medical attention is obtained.
androgen Any substance that produces male characteristics. Testosterone and androsterone are natural androgens.
anemia A decreased ability of the blood to carry oxygen because of a reduction in either the number or quality of the red blood cells.
anesthesia Drug-induced loss of feeling or sensation.
anesthetic An agent used to produce anesthesia.
aneurysm A thin sac caused by a weakened area in the walls of blood vessels or the heart. As an aneurysm increases in size, the sac tends to become thinner, and the risk of its breaking becomes greater.
angina pectoris Chest pain caused by decreased oxygen delivery to the heart muscle.
angioma A noncancerous tumor made up of many blood vessels.
anhidrosis Absence of sweating. An inability to sweat greatly interferes with the body's ability to control its internal temperature.
ankylosis Abnormal stiffening of a joint.
anomaly Deviation from normal.
anorchism Congenital absence of both testes.
anorexia nervosa An eating disorder manifested primarily by a loss of desire or willingness to eat for a variety of psychological reasons.
anosmia Loss of the sense of smell.
antepartum Occurring before delivery of a baby.
antibody A protein produced by the body to neutralize an invading foreign agent or antigen, such as a virus.
antidote An agent used to counteract a poison.
antigen A foreign agent capable of starting an immune response or causing the body to produce antibodies.
antiserum A serum that contains antibodies. Serum from a person or animal with immunity to a certain disease can, in some cases, be used to prevent illness in other people.
anus The opening of the rectum.
anxiety A feeling of nervousness, uneasiness, apprehension or dread.
aorta The large artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of body.
apathy Lack of emotions.
Apgar score A scoring method from zero to 10 for describing the health of an infant at birth, based on heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, color and reflex irritability.
aphagia Inability to swallow.
aphasia A partial or total loss of the power to use or understand words.
aphthous ulcers A painful sore in the mouth. Also called a canker sore.
apnea Temporary pause in breathing.
appendectomy Surgical removal of the appendix.
appendix A finger-like appendage near the junction of the large intestine and the small intestine.
areola The dark area of the breast surrounding the nipple.
arteriosclerosis Commonly called “hardening of the arteries.” An abnormal thickening and loss of elasticity of the wall of the arteries.
arteriovenous malformation Abnormal group of dilated blood vessels, most often occurring in the brain.
artery A vessel that carries blood away from the heart to various parts of the body.
arthralgia Pain in a joint.
arthritis Inflammation of a joint.
asbestos A fibrous material used to make fireproof materials, electrical insulation, roofing and filters. Asbestos has been linked to a type of lung cancer.
ascites Abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen that causes distention.
ascorbic acid Vitamin C.
asthma A chronic disorder characterized by shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing and tightness of the chest.
astigmatism An irregularity in the curvature of the lens of the eye, resulting in a blurry or distorted image.
atelectasis Collapsed lung. May occur following surgery or after a rib fracture.
atherosclerosis A form of arteriosclerosis caused by fatty deposits in the arteries.
athlete's foot A fungal infection of the skin of the feet.
atopy A predisposition to allergy that's inherited from parents. Included disorders are asthma, hay fever and eczema.
atria The upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the veins and pass it to the lower chambers of the heart.
atrophy A decrease in the normal size of an organ. Wasting away.
aura A peculiar sensation that occurs before other symptoms. An example is the sensation of flashing lights before a migraine headache.
autoimmune disease A condition in which antibodies form against one's own cells.
autotransfusion A transfusion using the patient's own blood.
axilla The armpit.

Phrase

Definition
bacteremia The presence of bacteria in the blood.
bacteria Single-celled microorganisms with one of three basic shapes: rod-like (bacilli), spherical (cocci) and spiral (spirilla). Bacteria are commonly thought of as disease-causing agents. But many bacteria are beneficial and don't cause disease.
bacteriuria The presence of bacteria in the urine.
Baker's cyst A swelling of the knee caused by an escape of fluid from a sac behind the knee.
ballism Quick, jerking movements that occur in people with chorea.
barium A chalky substance used in x-ray studies of the digestive tract to highlight abnormalities.
barotrauma Injury caused by pressure differences between the atmosphere and the air-filled spaces in the body. The most common of these injuries are the ear and sinus blocks that can occur during air travel.
Bartholin cyst A cyst caused by an infection of the glands on the vaginal wall.
BCG
(bacille Calmette-Gurin) vaccine 		A vaccine that offers some protection against tuberculosis. It's now rarely used in the U.S. because it doesn't give total protection.
bedsore An ulcer caused by chafing or by the pressure of the body against the bed.
Bell's palsy A usually temporary loss of feeling or movement of the face, usually on one side, causing an inability to close the eye or mouth on that side.
bends A condition that results from rapidly decreasing atmospheric pressure on the body. Symptoms include joint pain, chest pain, shortness of breath and coma. The condition may be fatal.
benign A nonlife-threatening condition. Not malignant. Not cancerous.
benign
familial tremor 		An inherited disorder that causes a slow tremor in the hands, head and voice. It may affect only one side of the body, be worse when moving than when resting and worsen with age.
beriberi A deficiency disease caused by dietary insufficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine). Symptoms include general weakness and painful rigidity.
biceps A muscle having two heads. The most familiar is the large muscle in the front of the upper arm responsible for flexing the forearm.
bicuspid A tooth named for the two-pointed projections on the crown.
bifocals Eyeglasses with divided lenses. The two parts of each lens have different strengths, allowing the wearer to focus the eye for either near or distant vision.
bile A clear yellow fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Aids in digestion.
bilirubin A pigment produced in the liver by the breakdown of hemoglobin from old red blood cells. Bilirubin is normally eliminated in the bile. A variety of diseases may cause bilirubin to collect in the body, resulting in a yellow discoloration of the skin known as jaundice.
binocular Using both eyes at the same time. Binocular vision is the most important element of depth perception.
biopsy Removal and exam of a tissue sample taken from a living body. This procedure helps determine if the tissue is cancerous.
bipolar
affective disorder 		A psychiatric disorder in which the affected person has both depressed and happy, energetic (manic) episodes. This is a newer term for manic-depressive disorder.
blackhead A dark-topped plug of fatty material in the opening of a hair follicle. The color is the result of exposure of the fat to the air.
blackout 1. Short-term loss of vision and consciousness. 2. In an alcoholic person, loss of memory for a period of time.
bladder The organ that temporarily stores a substance. Commonly used in reference to the urinary bladder, which holds urine until it's eliminated.
blepharitis Inflammation of the eyelid.
blepharoplasty Plastic surgery on the eyelid.
blindness Loss of vision. Legally, visual acuity less than 20/200 with glasses.
blister Buildup of watery or bloody fluid under the skin.
blood The fluid circulating through the heart, arteries and veins. Blood is responsible for transporting oxygen to body tissues, carrying waste products away from the tissues and delivering a wide variety of biochemical substances throughout the body to main
blood poisoning Infection within the circulatory system. A potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt treatment.
blood pressure The pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels.
boil A skin infection characterized by a localized buildup of pus.
bone marrow The tissue within the cavity of the bones where new blood cells are made.
Borrelia A class of disease-causing bacteria that includes the organisms that cause relapsing fever and Lyme disease.
botulism An extremely dangerous form of food poisoning caused by the toxin of Clostridium botulinum.
bovine Having to do with cattle. For example, bovine insulin is insulin obtained from cattle.
bowel See intestine.
Bowen's disease A precancerous skin condition that first appears as psoriasis-like scaling.
bowleg A deformity of the legs in which the space between the knees is greater than normal.
brace A device used to support a body part, correct or prevent deformities, or control movement.
bradycardia Slow heart rate and pulse, usually slower than 60 beats per minute.
Braxton Hicks
contractions 		Contractions of the uterus during pregnancy that are sometimes mistaken for labor. Also called false labor.
breasts Milk-secreting glands protruding from the upper front part of a woman's body.
breech birth A birth in which the feet or buttocks of the baby appear first through the birth canal.
bridge A structure that joins two parts. For example, a dental bridge contains artificial teeth and joins the natural teeth at either end.
Bright's disease Nephritis. A group of kidney diseases manifested by albumin in the urine and edema (swelling).
bronchi The tubular passages, also called bronchial tubes, that carry air into the lungs.
bronchiectasis A chronic enlargement of the bronchi accompanied by coughing and production of large amounts of phlegm-containing pus.
bronchiolitis An infection of the bronchioles, the tiny air tubes in the lungs.
bronchitis Inflammation of the bronchi.
bronchospasm Contraction of the muscle in the walls of the bronchi.
bronze diabetes A disorder of iron metabolism resulting in iron pigment deposits in the skin and other body tissues that causes a change in skin color.
brucellosis An infection characterized by fluctuating fever, headache, anemia and vague physical discomfort that's transmitted to humans from domesticated goats, pigs and cattle.
bruise Discoloration of the skin due to a buildup of blood in the underlying soft tissues. Also called a contusion.
bruxism Grinding of the teeth.
bubo A swollen, infected lymph node (especially in the groin). The node may enlarge enough that it begins to drain through the skin.
Buerger's disease Blockage of medium-sized blood vessels in the hands and feet by clotting and inflammation. This process causes severe pain and may lead to gangrene.
bulimia An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by vomiting or use of laxatives. Usually caused by a variety of psychological reasons.
bunion Localized swelling of the big toe at its joint with the foot.
bursa A small, fluid-filled sac that allows one part of a joint to move freely over another part.
bursitis Inflammation of a bursa.

Phrase

Definition
cachexia A generally weakened, emaciated condition of the body.
caffeine A bitter-tasting, water-soluble compound that acts as a central nervous system stimulant and has a mild diuretic (increasing urination) effect.
calciferol Vitamin D.
calcification Calcium salt deposits in soft tissues.
calculus A small, hard mass or stone formed in the body, as in a kidney or gallbladder, or a hard coating on the surface of the teeth.
callus 1. Localized thickening of the skin. 2. A fibrous band formed around the site of a fracture that seals the ends of the bone together and is then gradually replaced by mature bone.
calorie The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water one degree. Commonly used to express the amount of energy-producing value in food.
Calv�-Perthes A disease in children affecting the growth plate of the head of the thigh, caused by interference in the blood supply.
camphor An agent derived from a cinnamon tree that's used to relieve pain and itching.
cancer Abnormal cells with uncontrolled cell growth.
Candida The class of yeast that causes thrush and vaginal yeast infections.
canker An open sore on the lip or skin inside the mouth.
Cannabis The class of plants that includes marijuana and other hemps.
capillary A small, blood-containing vessel connecting the veins and arteries.
carbohydrates A group of energy-storage molecules that includes sugars and starches. Carbohydrates contain four calories per gram.
carbon dioxide An odorless, colorless gas produced as the end product of aerobic respiration.
carbon monoxide An odorless, colorless, poisonous gas produced from the incomplete combustion of carbon. Prevents the blood from carrying oxygen.
carbuncle A hard, painful, pus-filled infection of the skin. Carbuncles are larger than boils and frequently have more than one opening.
carcinogen A cancer-causing substance.
carcinoma A cancerous tumor.
cardiac Having to do with the heart or, less commonly, the upper portion of the stomach.
cardiomegaly Enlargement of the heart.
cardiomyopathy A disorder of the heart muscle.
cardiovascular Having to do with the heart and blood vessels.
caries Decay of the teeth or bone.
carotene The fat-soluble pigment in carrots, tomatoes and other vegetables, egg yolks, milk fat and other substances that can be converted in the body to vitamin A.
carotid The main artery in the neck.
carpal Having to do with the wrist.
carpal tunnel
syndrome 		Pain, numbness and tingling of the fingers caused by compression of the median nerve at the wrist.
carrier Someone who's capable of transmitting a disease (especially an infectious or genetic disorder) to another person but who usually has no symptoms of the disease.
cartilage Elastic connective tissue on the joint surfaces of bone and some parts of the skeleton, including the nose and ears.
castor oil An oil extracted from the castor bean plant that's irritating to the intestine and promotes bowel movements.
castration To remove the gonads, such as the testicles, making the male unable to have children.
cat-scratch fever A bacterial infection acquired through the scratch of a cat or other animal.
catalepsy A condition in which the body and limbs stay in the position in which they're placed.
cataract An opaque area in the lens of the eye.
catheter A tube used to drain or inject fluids.
cauliflower ear A trauma-induced deformity of the ear caused by repeated cartilage and soft-tissue injury.
caustic A chemical that can cause burns.
cauterize To purposely burn with a hot instrument or caustic substance to destroy tissue, such as a wart.
cavity A hollow place or hole within the body.
CBC Complete blood cell count.
cecum The first part of the large intestine just below the small intestine or ileum.
celiac Having to do with the abdomen.
cell The basic unit of organization of all living organisms.
cellulitis Infection of the skin.
cellulose A complex carbohydrate. Cellulose is a source of dietary fiber because it can't be digested.
cephalalgia Headache.
cerebellum The part of the brain that coordinates muscular movements.
cerebrum The main part of the brain.
cerumen Earwax.
cervical Having to do with the neck (cervical spine) or the cervix of the uterus.
cervix The neck-like portion of an organ, especially the part of the uterus that extends into the vagina.
cesarean section Delivery of a baby through an incision in the abdominal wall and uterus.
chalazion A chronic, small swelling on the rim of the eyelid.
chancre The painless ulcer of primary syphilis that appears on the genitals.
chancroid A sexually transmitted disease that causes soft, painful open sores in the genital area. Not syphilis. Characterized by swelling of the sebaceous glands, resulting in pimples on the face, back and chest.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Progressive, generally painless weakness of the legs, along with foot deformity.
charley horse Painful stiffness from muscular strain in an arm or leg.
cheilosis A condition in which cracks or sores occur at the corners of the mouth.
chickenpox A viral disease that usually begins with fever and cough, followed by a rash that progresses from red bumps to blisters to scabs. A vaccine is available to prevent this disease. Also called varicella or varicella zoster.
chilblain Painful redness of the fingers, toes or ears caused by exposure to cold.
childbed fever This is a severe illness marked by fever that's caused by an infection in mothers after giving birth. Also called puerperal sepsis.
chill A cold sensation with shivering that sometimes occurs before a fever.
chiropractic An approach to health care based on the assumption that most diseases are caused by pressure on the nerves. This pressure is thought to be caused by faulty alignment of the bones that prevents the nerves from functioning properly.
Chlamydia A microorganism, Chlamydia trachomatis, that's a frequent cause of sexually transmitted disease. It can also cause pneumonia and eye infections.
chloasma See melasma.
chlorination The addition of chlorine to kill harmful microorganisms in water or sewage.
cholecystitis Inflammation of the gallbladder.
cholera Watery diarrhea caused by drinking water or eating food that's con-taminated with Vibrio cholere. The disease is spread through the stools of infected persons.
cholesteatoma A tumor-like mass that sometimes forms as a result of a chronic middle ear infection.
cholesterol A fat-like substance that, if present in the blood in large amounts, is associated with the development of heart disease.
chondritis Inflammation of the cartilage.
chondromalacia Softening of cartilage.
chorea A nervous system disorder characterized by involuntary spasms of the limbs or facial muscles. A hereditary form is called Huntington's chorea.
chromosomes The DNA-containing cellular structures that carry genetic information.
chronic Persistent. Ongoing. Lasting a long time.
cilia Short, hair-like structures extending from certain cells.
circadian A repetitive pattern or fluctuation with a 24-hour cycle.
circulation The flow of blood through the body. Includes the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries.
circumcision Surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis.
cirrhosis Inflammatory disease of the liver characterized by scarring and shrinkage.
claudication Pain in the legs while walking that's caused by blockage of the arteries.
claustrophobia Fear of closed spaces.
clavicle Collarbone.
clawhand A condition of the hand causing distorted fingers resulting from nerve injury.
cleft lip or palate A congenital split of the upper lip or roof of the mouth.
clitoris A small, sensitive erectile organ located in the female at the top of the vulva.
Clostridium A genus of bacteria that includes the agents capable of causing food poisoning and tetanus.
clot A jelly-like mass of blood.
clubfoot A deformity in which the foot is turned inward from its normal position.
coal tar A by-product of coal used in the treatment of some skin conditions, such as psoriasis.
cobalamin Vitamin B12.
cocaine A drug that is made from coca leaves. It can be used by a doctor as a topical anesthetic. It's often abused for its euphoric affects. It's highly addictive.
coccyx The tailbone.
cochlea The portion of the inner ear that senses sound.
coitus Sexual intercourse.
cold An upper respiratory infection.
cold sore Herpes simplex infection of the lip.
colic 1. A sudden, spasmodic abdominal pain. 2. In infants, a pattern of excessive crying, apparent abdominal pain and irritability.
colitis Inflammation of the colon.
collagen A protein formed in the connective tissue of the body.
colon The large intestine.
Colorado tick fever A viral illness spread by ticks. Characterized by headache, backache and fever that begins to break and then returns midway through the course of the illness.
colostomy Surgery that makes an opening to the intestine through the surface of the abdomen. The opening empties the bowels.
colostrum An antibody-rich fluid released by the breasts for a short time after the birth of a baby, before the true milk is produced.
comedo See blackhead.
communicable
disease 		A disease spread through direct contact with an infected person or substance.
compress A dressing used to apply pressure or medicine to an area. Useful in applying heat or cold.
compulsion An overwhelming urge to perform an act. Often used to describe ritual or repetitive behaviors.
conception Fertilization. The union of sperm and egg.
concussion A loss of consciousness because of a head injury.
condom A sheath worn over the penis or inside the vagina (female condom) during intercourse to protect against pregnancy and disease.
cone The light-sensing structure on the retina of the eye capable of detecting color.
congenital Present at birth.
conjunctiva The membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball.
conjunctivitis Inflammation of the conjunctiva. Also called pink eye.
connective tissue Fibrous tissue with a wide variety of connecting and supporting functions within and between body organs.
conscious Mentally awake and aware. Knowing what one is doing and why.
constipation A condition in which the stool becomes too hard for easy elimination.
consumption 1. Using up. 2. Wasting of the body; especially used in reference to advanced tuberculosis.
contagious Easily transmitted by direct or indirect contact.
contraception The intentional prevention of conception or impregnation. Also called birth control.
contraction A shortening or increase in tension.
contracture Deformity caused by abnormal shortening of the muscles.
contrast medium A substance used in x-ray studies to aid in showing internal structures.
contusion Bruise.
convulsion A seizure.
cor pulmonale Increased blood pressure in the lungs, causing chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling in the feet and fluid in the lungs.
corn A hardened area of skin on the foot caused by persistent friction or pressure.
cornea The clear, external part of the eye.
coronary arteries The blood vessels encircling the heart that provide the heart muscle with oxygen.
corticosteroid hormones Hormones produced by the adrenal glands.
coryza Runny nose.
costochondritis Inflammation of the cartilage-containing joints where the ribs join the breastbone (sternum).
coxsackievirus A virus that can cause inflammation of the heart, brain or eye, or hand-foot-and-mouth disease.
cramp A painful muscle spasm.
craniotomy A surgical opening of the skull.
cranium The skull, or bony structure of the head, that protects the brain.
creatinine A substance formed from the making of creatine, an important nitrogen compound made in the body. Common in blood, urine and muscle tissue.
cretinism Physical and mental retardation due to congenital lack of thyroid hormone.
Crohn's disease Chronic inflammation of the digestive tract, especially of the lower small intestine and colon.
croup Obstruction of the upper respiratory tract at or below the larynx (voice box), resulting in a hoarse, barking cough.
crowning The first appearance of a baby's scalp during the birth process.
cryosurgery Destruction of tissue using extreme cold. A procedure used to treat skin lesions.
CT Computed tomographic scan.
culdocentesis A procedure to remove pus or blood from the abdomen through the vagina.
Cushing's syndrome A disorder caused by overactivity of the pituitary gland.
cuspid A tooth with one point, or “canine” tooth.
cutaneous Having to do with the skin.
cyanosis Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen in the blood.
cyst A sac or pocket in the body containing fluid or semisolid material.
cystitis Inflammation of the bladder.
cytology The study of cells.
cytomegalovirus A virus that infects cells and causes them to become enlarged. Babies infected with the virus develop mental and sensory disorders.

Phrase

Definition
D and C Dilatation and curettage. A surgical procedure in which the uterine lining is removed by scraping.
dacryocystitis Inflammation of the sac that collects tears for drainage from the eye.
dandruff Little scales or flakes of dead skin on the scalp. Also called seborrheic dermatitis.
debridement Removal of foreign material or dead tissue.
decalcification Loss of calcium from the bones or teeth.
decidua The mucus lining of the uterus that's passed after childbirth or during the menstrual period.
decubitus A skin ulcer or bedsore.
defibrillator A machine that delivers an electrical shock to an irregularly beating heart to restore normal rhythm.
degenerative joint
disease 		A common form of arthritis in which tissue changes occur in one or more joints, such as swelling, lumps or cysts, or small pieces of loose bone and cartilage, which cause stiffness and pain. Also called osteoarthritis.
dehydration Excessive loss of body water resulting in weakness, dizziness and other symptoms. It can be life-threatening if not treated, especially in young children and babies.
delirium An abnormal mental state characterized by excitement and hallucinations.
deltoid The triangular muscle of the shoulder.
delusion A false belief.
dementia Progressive mental deterioration.
dentition Arrangement of the teeth.
dependence A state of absolute need, both physical and psychological.
depilatory A substance that temporarily removes hair from the skin.
depression Decreased functional activity. Sinking of spirits. Intense sadness, beyond what's normally expected.
dermabrasion A procedure that removes scars, tattoos or other skin defects with fine sandpaper or a high-speed brush.
dermatitis Inflammation of the skin.
dermatology A medical specialty that deals with the skin.
desensitization Reducing or eliminating sensitivity to a particular substance.
desquamation The shedding of cells from the surface of the skin or mucous membranes.
devascularization Interruption of blood circulation to part of the body.
dextrose A simple sugar. Glucose.
diabetes insipidus Loss of water through the kidneys as a result of decreased production of the pituitary hormone vasopressin (an antidiuretic hormone).
diabetes mellitus A disorder of carbohydrate metabolism resulting from insulin deficiency. Characterized by high blood sugar levels that result in weakness, frequent urination and increased thirst and hunger.
diagnose To identify a disease.
diagnosis The process of identifying a disease or medical condition.
dialysis A treatment to remove certain molecules from the blood, particularly in people with kidney failure.
diaphoresis Excessive sweating.
diaphragm 1. The dome-shaped respiratory muscle separating the chest from the abdomen. 2. A barrier contraceptive device molded to fit over the cervix.
diarrhea Production of feces in increased volume and with greater fluidity than normal.
diastole The relaxation phase of the heartbeat.
diet The total food consumed by an individual. A therapeutic diet is a prescription of required or restricted foods.
dietitian An expert who is trained in the use of diet and nutrition to maintain or restore health.
digestion The mechanical and chemical conversion of food into simpler compounds that can be absorbed by the body.
digit A finger or toe.
dilation The process of expanding or enlarging.
diphtheria An infectious disease of childhood characterized by fever, sore throat and the presence of “dirty” (white, gray, brown) membranes in the throat.
diplopia Double vision.
discoid-lupus erythematosus A round, red, scaling rash on the nose, forehead, cheeks, scalp or other areas of the body. It may be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.
disinfectant A chemical agent used to destroy microorganisms on inanimate objects.
disk A round, flat structure, particularly the fibrous cartilage layer between two vertebrae (the bones that make up the spine). Also called intervertebral disk.
diskectomy Removal of an intervertebral disk of the spine.
dislocation Displacement of a bone from a joint.
disorientation Mental confusion, especially of time, place or person.
distal A location farther from a point of reference. For example, the foot is distal to the knee, relative to the center of the body.
diuresis Increased elimination of urine.
diverticula Pouches or sacs opening out from a main cavity or tubular organ of the body.
diverticulitis Inflammation of small pouches that may form on the wall of the colon.
diverticulosis A condition in which pouches form on the wall of the colon.
dorsal Toward the back.
douche A flow of liquid or vapor directed onto or into a part of the body.
Down syndrome A genetic disorder characterized by some degree of mental retardation and by various physical malformations, such as slanted eyes and a broad face.
DPT A vaccine containing antigens from diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus.
dressing A bandage for an external wound.
dropsy Abnormal buildup of fluid in tissues or a body cavity.
duct A channel or passage through which fluids move.
duodenal Having to do with the duodenum.
duodenum The first part of the small intestine that begins at the stomach and is the entry point for the pancreatic and common bile duct.
Dupuytren's contracture Scarring of the palmar ligament in the hand, causing progressive curling of one or more fingers and a thickening of the palm.
dwarfism A deficiency of growth hormone resulting in short stature.
dysentery Infection of the intestine resulting in severe diarrhea and cramps, frequently associated with blood or mucus in the stools.
dysmenorrhea Painful menstruation.
dyspepsia Indigestion.
dysphagia Difficulty swallowing.
dyspnea Labored breathing.

Phrase

Definition
eardrum The tympanic membrane that's visible in the ear. It vibrates in response to sound waves.
ecchymosis A collection of blood in the tissues causing a black and blue, or yellow, area.
ECG Electrocardiogram.
eclampsia An attack of convulsions. Particularly used to describe toxemia (toxins in the blood) of pregnancy.
ectopic pregnancy When the fertilized egg is implanted and develops outside of the uterus.
ectropion An outward turning of the eyelid.
eczema A rash characterized by itching, scaling, swelling and oozing. A common allergic reaction.
edema Buildup of excessive fluid around the cells in the body.
EEG Electroencephalogram.
effacement Thinning of the cervix during labor.
effusion Buildup of fluid in a part of the body, particularly a joint.
ejaculation The sudden ejection of semen from the male body. Climax.
EKG Electrocardiogram.
electroconvulsive A type of therapy used to treat severe, unresponsive depression by passing electrical current through the brain.
electrolysis Destruction of tissue through the use of electricity; often used to permanently remove unwanted hair from the body.
electrolytes Compounds that separate into charged particles in water. The main electrolytes in the human body are sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride, magnesium, calcium and phosphate.
elephantiasis A chronic disease characterized by the enlargement of certain parts of the body and by the hardening and ulceration of the surrounding skin. It is often caused by an infestation of a worm called a filarial worm.
embolism The obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot or mass of foreign material.
emesis See vomiting.
emphysema Chronic lung disease characterized by loss of elasticity of lung tissue and resulting in trapped air in the lung.
empyema Buildup of pus in a cavity of the body.
encephalitis A serious infection resulting in inflammation of the brain.
encopresis Fecal incontinence. Inability to hold feces.
endocarditis Inflammation or infection of the inside of the heart, often including the heart valves.
endocrine glands Glands that are ductless and release their secretions directly into the bloodstream.
endometriosis A condition in which cells from the lining of the uterus are found in other locations within the pelvic cavity. This condition frequently causes pelvic pain and menstrual difficulties.
enema 1. Introduction of fluid into the rectum to bring about a bowel movement. 2. The solution introduced into the rectum to bring about a bowel movement.
ENT The medical specialty of the ear, nose and throat.
enteritis An inflammation of the intestines that usually causes cramps and diarrhea.
enuresis Bedwetting.
eosinophil A type of white blood cell that becomes more abundant in the bloodstream in certain parasitic and allergic conditions.
epidemiology The study of the causes and control of diseases in human populations.
epidermis The outermost layer of skin.
epididymis The elongated structure behind each testicle where sperm are stored.
epiglottis The flap of cartilage at the base of the tongue that closes the trachea during swallowing to keep food or liquids from entering the airway.
epilepsy A disorder of the central nervous system that causes convulsions, or seizures.
epinephrine Adrenaline, a hormone produced in the core of the adrenal glands that's sometimes used to treat asthma and allergic reactions.
episiotomy An incision of the perineum (the area between the vagina and anus in women), often performed during labor to minimize trauma to the perineum during the delivery of a baby.
epistaxis Nosebleed.
epithelium The layer of cells covering internal and external surfaces of the body.
erysipelas A febrile (fever-associated) skin infection caused by a group A hemolytic streptococci.
erythema Redness of the skin.
erythema infectiosum A viral infection most common in children that begins with a red, warm rash on the face, along with some paleness around the mouth. Also called Fifth disease.
erythema multiforme An eruption of flat or raised spots of skin as a result of hypersensitivity to certain drugs or allergies.
erythema nodosum The sudden appearance of tender raised nodes on the lower limbs as a result of an infection, hypersensitivity to certain drugs or other conditions.
erythrocyte Red blood cell.
Escherichia coli A type of common bacteria normally found in the colon. Some strains that cause diarrhea are acquired during travel.
esophagitis Inflammation of the esophagus, often caused from a reflux of acid from the stomach.
esophagus The tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach.
estrogen Female sex hormone.
eustachian tube The narrow tube connecting the nose and middle ear to allow air pressure in the middle ear to equalize with the outside environment.
exacerbate Cause something to increase in severity. To make more intense, irritate.
exanthem Skin rash.
excise To remove by cutting.
exocrine glands Glands that secrete chemicals externally, either through a tube or duct.
expectorant A substance that loosens mucus so it's more easily cleared from the respiratory passages.

Phrase

Definition
faint Temporary loss of consciousness because of an insufficient blood supply to the brain.
fallopian tube The tubal passageway connecting the ovary to the uterus.
familial cholesterolemia An inherited disorder causing abnormally high levels of cholesterol in the blood.
fascia Fibrous sheets of tissue connecting or covering the muscles.
fat A major energy source for animals and humans. Fat contains nine calories per gram.
fatigue Physical or mental exhaustion. Weariness.
febrile Caused by fever. Feverish.
feces Body waste expelled from the rectum. Also called bowel movement or stool.
femoral Having to do with the femur.
femur The thigh bone.
fertility The ability to have children.
fertilization The process of joining the male's sperm and the female's ovum (egg).
fetal Having to do with the fetus.
fetus The unborn baby from the end of the eighth week after fertilization of the egg to birth.
fever Abnormally high body temperature.
fiber 1. A slender, thread-like structure of organ tissue. 2. In the diet, strands of complex carbohydrates (cellulose) that aren't digestible.
fibrillation A rapid, uncoordinated series of contractions of some part of the heart muscle causing irregular heartbeats. Atrial fibrillation is the rapid, ineffective beating of the upper part of the heart. Ventricular fibrillation is the lethal rapid, ineffective beating of the lower part of the heart.
fibrin A serum protein that's essential for the clotting process.
fibroid A noncancerous tumor of the uterus composed of muscle fibers. Also called uterine myoma.
fibromyalgia A painful condition with multiple sensitive areas, called “tender points,” affecting fibrous tissues, muscles, tendons and ligaments.
fibrositis Inflammation of fibrous tissues.
fibula The long, thin, outer bone of the lower leg.
fissure A narrow slit.
fistula An abnormal passage from an abscess, cavity or hollow organ to the skin or another abscess.
flaccid Soft and flabby. Often used to describe complete paralysis (loss of movement) without muscle spasm.
flatfoot A condition in which the normal arch of the foot is absent.
flatulence Excessive production of gas in the intestines or stomach.
fluorescein A compound used as a diagnostic aid to show injuries of the cornea or retina of the eye.
folic acid Folacin. One of the B-group vitamins essential for forming red blood cells.
folliculitis Inflammation of the hair follicles.
fontanelle A soft spot in the skull of an infant formed by the normal separation between the bony plates of the skull.
foreskin A loose fold of skin covering the tip of the penis.
fracture Broken, especially a broken bone.
fraternal twins Twins formed from two separate eggs that were fertilized at the same time. They may be the same or different genders and they have different genetic makeups. Also called dizygotic twins.
frenulum A fold of skin or mucous membrane that limits the movement of a body part. For example, the frenulum linguae is the midline fold under the tongue that attaches it to the floor of the mouth.
frigidity An inability to be sexually aroused.
frostbite Damage to tissue as a result of exposure to freezing temperatures.
fructose Fruit sugar.
fungus A group of organisms that includes yeasts, molds and mushrooms.

Phrase

Definition
galactorrhea Excessive production of breast milk.
galactosemia A disease present at birth caused by a genetic lack of an enzyme needed to metabolize galactose into glucose. May result in mental retardation, cataracts and liver damage.
gall The bile produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
gallbladder The storage sac for bile, located below the liver.
gallstone A stone-like mass that forms in the gallbladder.
gamma globulin Blood protein that contains most antibodies. Used in the temporary prevention of hepatitis and as treatment for disorders with antibody deficiencies.
ganglion cyst A benign, knot-like, cystic tumor on a tendon sheath.
gangrene The decay of body tissue in a part of the body where the blood supply is obstructed by injury or disease.
gastric Having to do with the stomach.
gastritis Inflammation of the stomach lining.
gastroenteritis Inflammation of the stomach and the intestines, usually producing symptoms of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
gastrointestinal Having to do with the stomach and intestines.
gene A unit of heredity located on a chromosome.
generic 1. General; typical; not specific. 2. Medicine that's not a name brand.
genetic Hereditary. Having to do with the genes.
genital Having to do with reproduction.
genitalia The reproductive organs.
genitourinary system The genitals and urinary organs.
geriatrics The branch of medicine devoted to the elderly.
germ A disease-causing microorganism.
German measles See rubella.
gestation The period of development within the uterus from conception to birth.
giantism Abnormal growth of the body due to an excessive amount of growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland.
giardiasis A diarrheal illness caused by infection with Giardia lamblia, a parasitic protozoan.
gingiva The gums.
gingivitis Inflammation of the gums.
gland An organ that releases a chemical. Endocrine glands are ductless and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Exocrine glands secrete externally, either through a tube or duct.
glaucoma An eye disease, characterized by increased pressure within the eye, that can result in blindness if not treated.
glomerulonephritis When the filtering units in the kidneys, called the glomeruli, are damaged, the kidneys don't function properly and waste and extra fluids build up in the body.
glossitis Inflammation of the tongue.
glucose Dextrose. A simple six-carbon sugar naturally found in fruits, honey and blood.
goiter Enlargement of the thyroid gland.
gonad A sex gland (ovary or testis).
gonorrhea A highly contagious, sexually transmitted bacterial disease of the genital/urinary system.
gout A form of arthritis caused by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints, usually the feet, hands and, especially, the big toe.
graft A piece of skin or other tissue used as a transplant.
Gram's stain A stain used as the first step in identifying bacteria.
grand mal A major epileptic seizure characterized by convulsions, unconsciousness and sometimes loss of urinary or bowel continence. Usually followed by a brief period of lethargy and disorientation.
Graves' disease Overactive thyroid gland function (hyperthyroidism). Sometimes associated with protrusion of the eyes.
groin The region of the body where the thigh and lower abdomen meet.
Guillain-Barr� syndrome A rare but reversible reaction to a viral illness or immunization that causes partial to complete loss of movement of certain muscles, weakness, numbness and tingling. In the severe form, a person may need intensive care and breathing support.
gynecology The branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of reproductive diseases in women.
gynecomastia Overdevelopment of male breast tissue. Usually benign and temporary.

Phrase

Definition
halitosis Bad breath.
hallucination The sensory perception of sights, sounds or objects that don't really exist.
hammer The malleus, a hammer-shaped bone in the middle ear.
hamstring The tendon located in the back of the knee and lower thigh.
hand-foot-and-mouth disease A viral infection characterized by a blister-like rash of the hands, feet and mouth.
hangnail A loose piece of skin at one side of a fingernail.
Hansen's disease Leprosy.
harelip Cleft lip or palate.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis A degenerative autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland that ultimately results in a marked reduction in the amount of thyroid hormone produced.
hay fever Allergic sensitivity to certain mold spores and pollens. Allergic reaction includes sneezing, itchy eyes, sore throat and runny nose.
heart The hollow, muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the circulatory system.
heart block A condition in which electrical impulses aren't properly transmitted from the heart's upper to the lower chambers.
heart failure Inability of the heart to adequately pump blood.
heartburn Indigestion. A burning sensation in the chest caused by a reflux of acid into the esophagus or too much acid in the stomach.
heat exhaustion Headache, profuse sweating, weakness, muscle cramps, nausea and vomiting caused by excessive exposure to heat.
heat stroke A serious failure of the body's heat-regulating mechanism resulting from excessive exposure to intense heat. Also called sunstroke.
hemangioma A tumor or swelling that's composed of blood vessels.
hematemesis The vomiting of blood.
hematology The branch of medicine that pertains to blood and the organs involved in forming blood.
hematoma A tumor-like mass of coagulated blood in the soft tissues. A contusion or bruise.
hematuria The presence of blood in the urine.
hemiplegia Paralysis (loss of feeling or movement) of one side of the body.
hemochromatosis A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by excessive amounts of iron in the skin, liver and other tissues.
hemoglobin The oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells.
hemolysis The destruction of red blood cells.
hemophilia An inherited disorder, nearly always in males, in which one of the normal blood-clotting factors is deficient.
hemoptysis A cough that produces blood.
hemorrhage Severe bleeding, usually from damage to a blood vessel.
hemorrhoid An enlarged vein inside or just outside the rectum.
hemostasis Control of bleeding.
hepatic Having to do with the liver.
hepatitis Inflammation or infection of the liver.
heredity Transmission of genetic traits from parents to children.
hermaphrodite A person with both male and female sex organs.
hernia An abnormal protrusion of part of an organ through an abnormal opening.
herpes A recurring viral skin infection characterized by clusters of small blisters. Typically, sores are located near the mouth (fever blisters or cold sores) or in the genital region (genital herpes).
heterosexual Having to do with the opposite sex.
hexachlorophene A detergent that kills germs.
hiccup A sudden, involuntary spasm of the diaphragm. The sound of hiccups is caused by the sudden intake of air.
hidradenitis Inflammation of the sweat glands.
hip The part of the body surrounding the joint between the femur and pelvic bones.
hirsutism Excessive hair growth, usually on the face and chest. Often caused by an imbalance in hormones.
histamine A substance released from certain cells in response to allergens, associated with the development of allergic symptoms, including itchy eyes, sneezing and congestion.
histoplasmosis A fungal disease caused by inhaling the spores of Histoplasma capsulatum.
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A virus that slowly destroys the immune system. The virus that causes AIDS.
hives A skin reaction characterized by swelling, itching and burning.
Hodgkin's disease A progressive form of lymphoma usually characterized by weakness, swollen lymph nodes, sweating, fever and weight loss.
homeopathy Medical treatment based on the theory that certain diseases can be cured by giving very small doses of substances that, in a healthy person, would produce symptoms like those of the disease.
homogenize To make more uniform in quality or consistency.
homosexual Having to do with the same sex.
hordeolum Inflammation of a gland on the eyelid. Also called a stye.
hormone A substance formed in an organ of the body and carried by body fluids to another organ or tissue, where it has a specific effect.
host An organism that harbors and provides sustenance for another organism.
housemaid's knee Swelling just below the kneecap, caused by the buildup of fluid in response to the constant pressure of kneeling.
humerus The bone in the upper arm.
humidifier A device for adding moisture to the air.
Huntington's chorea A hereditary form of chorea (sudden, jerky motions of the arms or other parts of the body) that usually affects people during their early 40s.
hydatid A cyst containing watery fluid and the larvae of certain tapeworms.
hydatid disease Infection with the larvae (cysts) of certain tapeworms.
hydatidiform mole A cystic tumor of the placental tissues of an abnormal pregnancy. Complications of this disorder include bleeding and infection.
hydrocele A painless swelling of the scrotum caused by the buildup of fluid in the outer covering of the testes.
hydrocephalus An enlargement of the head caused by the buildup of fluid within the ventricles of the brain. Also called “water on the brain.”
hygiene The science of health and its maintenance.
hymen The membrane partly or completely closing the opening to the vagina.
hyperbaric Characterized by greater-than-normal pressure. Hyperbaric oxygen is a therapeutic treatment designed to increase blood oxygen by delivering oxygen in a chamber room with greater-than-normal pressure.
hyperemesis gravidarum Excessive morning sickness.
hyperglycemic High blood sugar.
hyperparathyroidism A condition caused by the overexcretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in changes in the bone and an elevated level of calcium in the blood.
hypertension Abnormally high blood pressure.
hyperthyroidism Overproduction of thyroid hormone.
hyperventilation Rapid or deep breathing producing faintness, numbness, chest pain, apprehension and tingling, and spasms of the extremities.
hypnosis A sleep-like state induced by the suggestions of a hypnotist.
hypnotic 1. Having to do with hypnosis. 2. Causing sleep.
hypochondriac Abnormal anxiety about one's health, often to the point of believing one is suffering from a serious disease.
hypodermic Beneath the skin.
hypoglycemia Low blood sugar.
hypoparathyroidism Parathyroid hormone insufficiency due to lack of secretion of the parathyroid gland.
hypopituitarism Deficient activity of the pituitary gland causing slowed growth in children, fatigue and decreased appetite in adults, and cessation of menstrual periods in women.
hyposensitization To treat with frequent, small injections of an antigen to decrease the symptoms of an allergy to that antigen. Also called desensitization.
hypospadias An abnormal opening of the urethra on the underside of the penis or into the vagina.
hypothalamus The portion of the brain responsible for temperature regulation and control of the pituitary gland.
hypothermia Low body temperature.
hypothyroidism A condition of low thyroid hormone production resulting in weight gain, hair loss, sluggishness and thickening of the skin.
hypoxia An abnormal condition resulting from decreased availability of oxygen in the body tissues.
hysterectomy Surgical removal of all or part of the uterus.
hysteria 1. Wild, uncontrolled excitement or other feelings. 2. A disorder in which anxiety is converted into physical symptoms that have no physical basis.

Phrase

Definition
iatrogenic Resulting from medical treatment.
ichthyosis An inherited skin disorder that produces dry, rough, scaly skin.
identical twins Twins formed from a single egg. They are of the same gender and have the same genetic makeup. Also called monozygotic twins.
idiopathic Without a known cause.
ileitis Inflammation of the lower part of the small intestine.
ileum The lower part of the small intestine.
ileus Lack of movement of digested food and juices through the gastrointestinal tract. May be due to a blockage of the intestine.
ilium The flared portion of the pelvis. The hip bone.
IM Intramuscular.
immune Resistant to a particular disease.
immunity Resistance of the body to infection.
immunization The process of making an individual immune by vaccination or inoculation.
immunoglobulin A serum protein involved in immunity. An antibody.
impetigo Skin infection characterized by erupting sores. Caused by staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria.
impotence Inability of a male to achieve erection and orgasm.
in situ In its original place. Carcinoma in situ means cancer that hasn't spread to other locations.
incision A cut.
incisor Any of the front four teeth on either the upper or lower jaw.
incompetent 1. Unable to make rational decisions. 2. Not functioning properly.
incontinence Inability to hold urine or feces.
incubate To provide the proper conditions for growth.
indigestion Upper abdominal discomfort usually experienced after a meal due to incomplete digestion.
induration The process of hardening. An abnormally hard spot.
infarct An area of dead or dying tissue produced by lack of blood flow to or from that area. For example, myocardial infarction is the death of heart muscle.
infection Causing disease, especially by the presence of foreign microorganisms in the body, including bacteria, viruses or parasites.
infectious disease A disease that can be spread from one person to another.
infertility Inability to produce children.
inflammation Swelling, redness, warmth and pain. A body tissue's protective response to injury.
influenza A contagious and infectious respiratory illness usually occurring in the winter.
ingrown nail Edges of the nail become trapped under the skin, causing inflammation and, sometimes, infection.
injection A fluid introduced into the body by a syringe and needle.
innate Inborn, hereditary.
inoculation The injection of a disease agent into the body to cause a mild form of the disease and build immunity.
inoperable Not curable through surgery.
insanity Any form or degree of mental disturbance or unsoundness of mind, permanent or temporary, that makes a person incapable of rational conduct or judgment.
insemination To deposit sperm in the vagina.
insomnia An inability to fall asleep or to remain asleep.
insulin The hormone produced by the pancreas for regulating carbohydrate metabolism. Used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
integument Skin.
intercourse The exchange of communication between individuals. Sexual intercourse is the sexual joining of two people; coitus.
intestine The tube involved in digestion and extending from the stomach to the anus. Consists of the small intestine and the large intestine.
intoxication Poisoning, or the state of being affected by a poisonous substance. Often used to describe drunkenness.
intracellular Within a cell.
intradermal Within the skin.
intramuscular Within the muscle.
intrauterine Within the womb.
intravenous Within a vein. Intravenous infusion means to direct fluids through a needle or catheter directly into a vein.
intussusception Telescoping a section of the intestine into an adjoining section.
iris The colored portion of the eye. It's a muscle that controls the amount of light entering the pupil.
iritis Inflammation of the iris.
irrigation Washing of a body cavity or wound with a stream of water.
ischemia A lack of blood supply to a body part.
IUD Intrauterine device. Used for contraception.
IV Intravenous.
IVP Intravenous pyelography.

Phrase

Definition
jaundice Yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by the buildup of bile in the blood.
jejunum The middle part of the small intestine, located between the duodenum and ileum.
joint The joining of two or more bones. In general, joints allow flexibility and mobility. However, some joints (for example, those in the skull) can't move.
jugular Of the neck or throat, as in jugular veins.

Phrase

Definition
Kaposi's sarcoma Bluish-purple nodules of the skin that often bleed. These frequently occur in people who have AIDS.
keloid Excessive growth of scar tissue on the skin.
keratin The main protein of skin, hair and nails.
keratitis Inflammation of the cornea of the eye.
keratoconus A deformity of the cornea in which the cornea resembles the end of a football.
ketones The initial breakdown products of fatty acid metabolism. Unavailability of carbohydrates from starvation or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus increases the production of ketones. Too high a ketone level causes the blood chemistry to become acidic, a condition that's potentially life-threatening.
kidney A pair of organs in the upper abdominal cavity that separate the body's water and waste products from the blood and excrete them as urine through the bladder.
knee The complex hinge joint of the upper and lower leg involving the femur, tibia and patella.
knock-knee A